Despite VW unfortunately ceasing production of our beloved TDIs following the Dieselgate scandal, the used market for TDIs is very much still alive. If you’re thinking of buying one but aren’t sure where to start, or what to look for, we’ll help break it down for you.

Identifying the generation

Volkswagen offered TDI engines from 1996 to 2015. The following models were not subjected to the Dieselgate scandal and have had no fix applied.

• AHU (1996-1999): This 1.9-liter engine was featured in the Jetta, Golf, and Passat. It was the first TDI engine widely available in the North American market.
• ALH (1998-2003): Found in Jetta & Golf (99-03), and New Beetle (98-03). This 1.9-liter engine is still one of the most sought-after TDIs.
• BEW (2004-2006): Also a 1.9-liter engine, a PD unit, which used unit injectors. It was available in the Jetta, Golf, and New Beetle.
• BRM (2005.5-2006): Another 1.9-liter PD engine, used in the Jetta Mk5.
• BHW (2004-2005): A 2.0-liter PD engine found in the Passat B5.5.

2009 to 2014 models can be subject to Dieselgate fixes, which we will go over in further detail.

• CBEA/CJAA (2009-2014): This was a 2.0-liter common rail (CR) engine, a departure from the PD system. It was used in the Jetta, Golf, SportWagen, Beetle, and Audi A3 TDI. These engines are known for being quieter and smoother than their PD predecessors.
• CKRA (2012-2014): A 2.0-liter common rail engine found in the Passat NMS.
• CVCA/CRUA (2015): These 2.0-liter common rail engines were the last generation before the Dieselgate scandal halted sales, found in the Jetta, Golf, and Passat.
• CATA (2009-2015): Used in Touareg, Audi Q7, and Porsche Cayenne Diesel. This engine also utilized common rail injection.

Understanding the different Dieselgate Fixes and Performance

Gen1 (2009-2014 Jetta, 2010-2014 SportWagen, 2012-2014 Beetle, 2010-2013 Audi A3)

Fix:

Following the scandal for the 09-14 TDIs, VW offered either a buyback, or Owners who waited were offered a fix to bring the car into compliance with EPA standards. The fix involved a software adjustment and a swap of the NOx Reduction Catalyst with a more effective unit. 2009 vehicles will receive a new diesel particulate filter , a new CAT (these are a single unit on ’09 cars), and a new glow plug module.

Performance

According to VW, your vehicle will sound louder at moderate engine speeds and will perform DPF regens more often. The engine torque delivery may seem slightly different at some engine speeds. Your vehicle’s fuel economy will decrease by up to 2 mpg, depending on how the vehicle is driven. Lastly if your vehicle has an emissions problem, changes to the ECU might have made it so these problems are less detectable.

Gen3 (2015 2.0L Jetta, Golf, Sportwagen, Beetle, and Passat)

Fix

The 2015 TDI emissions modification will be done in two phases. Phase 1 is a software-only change, which will mainly increase the duty cycle of emissions components. Phase 2 is both a software and hardware change.  The computer software will be further updated to better utilize the emissions components. Meanwhile, the entire exhaust treatment system will be replaced with updated, and presumably more durable units.  The pieces being replaced include the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and the two catalysts (DOC & SCR).

Performance

All paperwork regarding the 2015 TDIs repeatedly and clearly stated that driveability, power (as measured by 0-60 time), and efficiency will not be affected.  In fact, the modification paperwork claims “improved vehicle drivability” after these modifications are completed. As of this writing, we have two 2015 TDIs that have the emission modification.  Both seem to have better power and responsiveness than before and both are meeting or exceeding their average miles per gallon.  Multiple reviews from TDIClub members also report similar results.

Pre-Purchase Inspection Checklist

When inspecting a used VW TDI, pay close attention to the following areas:

Engine and Drivetrain

• Cold Start: Listen for any unusual noises (knocking, rattling, excessive smoke). A healthy TDI should start smoothly.
• Exhaust Smoke: A small puff of black smoke on acceleration is normal for a diesel, but excessive black, blue, or white smoke could indicate issues.

*Note for pre-2009 TDIs: Visible smoke is more common as these vehicles do not have a DPF.

• Turbocharger: Listen for any whining or whistling noises. Check for oil leaks around the turbo.
• DSG Transmission: Test drive the car to ensure smooth shifts, no hesitation, and no jerking motions. Listen for any clunking noises. Ensure the DSG fluid and filter have been changed at the recommended intervals (typically every 40,000 miles).
• Manual Transmission: Check clutch engagement, smooth shifting, and listen for any grinding.
• Oil Leaks: Inspect the engine bay and underneath the car for any signs of oil or fluid leaks. Common areas include the valve cover, oil pan, and vacuum pump.
• Timing Belt: Ensure the timing belt and water pump have been replaced at the recommended interval (typically 100,000-130,000 miles, depending on the model). This is a critical and expensive maintenance item.

Emissions System

• Check Engine Lights: Ensure no engine lights are illuminated. If it is, get the codes read.
• DEF System Components: Inspect the DEF tank and lines for any leaks.
• Recent Emissions Testing: If the car has recently passed an emissions test, it’s a positive sign.

Interior and Exterior

• Rust: Check for rust, especially on the rocker panels, wheel arches, and underneath the car.
• Tires and Brakes: Inspect tire tread depth and brake pad wear.
• Electrical Components: Test all lights, windows, locks, and infotainment system features.
• HVAC: Ensure the air conditioning and heating systems work correctly.
• Interior Wear and Tear: Assess the overall condition of the seats, carpets, and trim.

Vehicle History and Documentation

• Service Records: Request complete service records. This is crucial for understanding the car’s maintenance history, especially for items like timing belt replacement, DSG service, and any emissions system repairs.
• Carfax/Autocheck Report: Obtain a vehicle history report to check for accidents, salvage titles, flood damage, and reported mileage discrepancies.
• “Fixed” Documentation: Confirm the vehicle received the Dieselgate “fix.” VW provides a specific sticker in the door jamb or engine bay to indicate the fix has been performed. Also, verify the emissions warranty status with a VW dealer using the VIN.

Post-Purchase Tips

• Find a Reputable TDI Mechanic: Having a mechanic familiar with TDIs is invaluable for ongoing maintenance.
• Adhere to Maintenance Schedule: Follow VW’s recommended maintenance schedule, especially for oil changes, fuel filter replacement, and transmission fluid changes.

Need more help identifying the model?

We have helpful articles that break down the various Jetta, Golf, and Passat models you’ll find in the used market!